Dissociative identity disorder to PTSD: The trauma and dissociative disorders

It's time accuracy took precedence through a debris littered history, partly founded by a clucking of child abusers, cults, religions, de facto pseudosciences, pop-culture media presentations, poor court findings and inaccurate "science" news and journal articles written by journalists who reside within the thought process of the groups listed, or unwittingly turned to those people for information for their articles. In addition, educators and researchers with good intentions who have not fully surmised the outstanding research by the French psychiatristProfessionals who are medically trained doctors with specialist training in psychiatry. They can prescribe medication, diagnose and conduct research. Besides psychiatric medication treatments include ECT and psychotherapy. , Pierre Marie Félix Janet (1859-1947) have fortuitously helped to take the world for a ride down the wrong path. This road was filled with potholes created by groups and individuals with ulterior motives, who lacked proper education and/or misinterpreted evidence gleamed directly from the afflicted. This is how research often goes, but the year 2014 marks an important milestone where modern day technology regularly uses fMRIA type of neuroimaging. Neuroimaging is an approach that allows researchers to view areas of the brain that become active during behavioral events such as emotion, perception and cognition. It is part of the science of in psychophysiology. scans and other contemporary tools to discern certain aspects of the Trauma and Stressor-disorders and Dissociative Disorders. We welcome you to this project where we attempt to present the most accurate information possible concerning the Dissociative Disorders and Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders. The site name dissociative-identity-disorder.net was chosen because of all the disorders discussed on this site, it is by far the most complex and difficult to understand, if not the most complex of all mental disorders known to man.

• Most popular pages:
• Dissociative identity disorder DIDDissociative identity disorder is a disorder of mental states, where a individual switches from one distinct state to another distinct state, which distinguished it from OSDD/DDNOS, BPD and PTSD. {{Rp|557-570,487-494,471-486}} {{See also| Dissociative Identity Disorder}}
• Other specified dissociative disorder OSDD (Similar to DDNOS which was replaced by OSDD in the DSMPublished by the American Psychiatric Association as the standard classification of mental disorders used by US mental health professionals. It consists of diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets, and descriptive text. The DSM-II listed multiple personality disorder as a symptom of hysterical neurosis, dissociative type. The DSM-III (1980) moved Multiple Personality Disorder from a symptom to its own disorder. The DSM-IV changed the name to dissociative identity disorder (1994) and the DSM-5 (May 2013) updated the listing to current standards. {{Rp|384}}-5)
• Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex-posttraumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD)
• Integration and unification
• Memory, including trauma memory"Memory is not a static thing, but an active set of processes." {{Rp|51}} "Our earliest experiences shape not only what we remember, but also how we remember and how we shape the narrative of our lives. Memory can be seen as the way the mind encodes elements of experience into various forms of representation. As a child develops, the mind begins to create a sense of continuity across time, linking past experiences with present perceptions and anticipations of the future." {{Rp|11}}
• Amnesia, "true amnesia" and "dissociative amnesia"

Dissociative Disorders

The Dissociative Disorders (DD) in the DSM-5 include 300.14 dissociative identity disorder (DID), 300.12 dissociative amnesia (DA), 300.6 depersonalization disorder (including derealization) (DPD), 300.15 other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD), 300.15 and unspecified dissociative disorder (UDD).

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

The Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders in the DSM-5 include 313.89 reactive attachment disorder (RADOriginally the only attachment disorder listed in the [[DSM]]. A stressor-related disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder was originally a subtype of RAD.), 313.89 disinhibited social engagement disorder, 309.81 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 308.3 acute stress disorder (ASD). The adjustment disorders include 309.89 other specified trauma and stressor-related disorder and 309.9 unspecified trauma and stressor-related disorder.

Structural DissociationStructural dissociation (SD) is one of the three accepted etiological ideas for the etiology of dissociative identity disorder. {{Rp|158-165}} It also explains other specified dissociative disorder, dissociative forms of borderline personality disorder, and dissociative posttraumatic stress disorder {{See also| Structural dissociation}}Structural dissociation of the personality is a theory that describes the effect of trauma on the personality. It applies to PTSD, complex PTSD, other specified dissociative disorder and dissociative identity disorder. of the PersonalityEvery individual has a personality that is composed of many diverse, fragmentary and generally illusory images of [[Personality|self]]. (see multiples) The DSM-IV uses the term identity in its definition of dissociation. (see identity) {{Rp|127}}

To understand the Trauma Stressor-Related and Dissociative Disorders, it's crucial to understand Structural Dissociation of the Personality. To put this process as briefly as possible, Structural Dissociation pin-points a time when the mind is overwrought with confusion, leading to turmoil in the brainThe brain is a approximately a 1300-gram organ containing 100-billion neurons. It is the control center of the central nervous system. The mind and brain are not the same thing. (see mind) The mind emerges out of interactions between the brain and relationships during the earliest years of childhood. Different child-parent attachment relationships form differing physiological responses, patterns for interpersonal relationship and how an individual views the world. {{Rp|9}} (see attachment) until an individual finds himself overwhelmed, and the mind protects itself. It forms a "trauma barrier" (dissociative boundaryA dissociative boundary separates dissociated states. {{See also | Amnesia}}) in the mind which keeps the part that will function daily, separate from the part that will contain and react to the unprocessed trauma memories. The confusion that overwhelms is brought about by misfiring of neurons in the brain that keep the mind and brain in a constant cycle of miscommunication, and so trauma memories cannot be processed which was the final straw that broke the camels back, so to say.

Posttraumatic stress disorder and a complex version of posttraumatic stress disorder are Trauma Stressor-Related disorders that fall within the boundaries of Structural Dissociation of the Personality. Also included within the scope of Structural Dissociation are the complex Dissociative Disorders: other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD) and dissociative identity disorder (DID). All of these disorders are caused by Structural Dissociation of the Personality. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a Personality Disorder and is not caused by Structural Dissociation, however after borderline personality disorder has established itself, the individual might also have unprocessed trauma memories that accumulate and eventually overwhelm the person causing dissociative symptoms.

See the page on Structural Dissociation for referenced and more detailed information.

FMRI scans are able to capture distinct states switchingFull dissociation is when an alter switches with the alter currently in executive control, resulting in amnesia for that alter. (see executive control) {{Rp|4-6}} In full dissociation, there is complete amnesia between dissociated states, which is a {{Rp|228}} criteria for a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder in the DSM-5. {{See also| Dissociation}} with one another in DID, and this is the only disorder where 2 or more distinct states have ever been observed. The smaller lit up areas on the images are seen in all the Dissociative and Trauma Disorders. These are "less than distinct states," or as the DSM calls them, "discontinuities in sense of self and agency." In OSDD images show 1 distinct state only, and it switches with the less than distinct states at random times, without ever needing a triggerA reactivating stimulus in trauma disorders. A stimulus in the present which is a reminder of a part of a traumatic [[memory]], which can cause the part of an individual that hold the trauma (EP) to feel as if it is reliving past trauma experience. {{Rp|166-186}} Also known as a trauma trigger.. All states can literally be lit up on a scan at one time. In PTSD there is 1 less than distinct state and 1 distinct state, and both stay lit until a trigger causes the less than distinct state to respond (flashbackA flashback is a reactivated traumatic memory experienced as intrusive thoughts, feelings, or images associated with past trauma, but lacking a sense of being from the past. {{Rp|30}} It is experienced by the state referred to as the EP. {{See also | Grounding techniques}} or other reaction to unprocessed memories) and then the distinct state disappears from the image and the less than distinct state takes over. In the complex version of PTSD there is always 2 less than distinct states, which stay together in the scans. BPD involves 1 distinct state that is always visible until the individual is in distress, and then 2 distinct states show up together, but don't take over, as is seen in PTSD, and so there are no flashbacks or other symptoms reacting from the unprocessed trauma memories, but there are other dissociative symptoms. See the links for references

Differences between DID and OSDD

The DSM criteria for other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD) differs from the now defunct description of "dissociative disorder not otherwise specified" (DDNOS), a category which was in the DSM-IV. The DSM-5, published late in 2013, offers criteria that simplify the diagnosis of other specified dissociative disorder as well as dissociative identity disorder, but to understand how clear the new criteria make diagnosis, one must understand what a distinct state and a less than distinct state ("discontinuities in sense of selfNormal sense of self is experienced as alterations in consciousness, but the sense of self remains stable and consistent. In individuals with a Dissociative disorder the sense of self alternates and is inconsistent across time and experience. {{Rp|160}} There is no unified sense of self. and agency") are. Dissociative identity disorder is the only disorder with two or more distinct states so obviously it's the only disrepair where they can switch. Other specified dissociative disorder switches with states that are fairly elaborate, but there is only one distinct state in this disorder with the rest being less than distinct states or as the DSM puts it "discontinuities in sense of self and agency." People with dissociative identity disorder and other specified dissociative disorder describe the differences between the two disorders as follows: the person with dissociative identity disorder is so fearful of the past that each "state" of their being "refuses to remember it," while the person with other specified dissociative disorder is so manipulated and influenced by their past, they can never get relief from it. It's also important to note that the individual with dissociative identity disorder, and those around him/her, will rarely recognize anything is wrong with the inflicted person, while the individual with other specified dissociative disorder cannot help but have their problems noticed by themselves and others.

See the categories on Structural Dissociation, dissociative identity disorder, other specified dissociative disorder and the DSM for referenced and more detailed information.

DSM differences between PTSD and C-PTSD

Posttraumatic stress disorder has one unelaborated distinct state and one unelaborated less than distinct state. Complex-posttraumatic stress disorder has one unelaborated distinct state and two unelaborated less than distinct states.

See the categories on posttraumatic stress disorder, and the complex-posttraumatic stress disorder for referenced and more detailed information.

Dissociative boundariesA dissociative boundary separates dissociated states. {{See also | Amnesia}} make a difference

All Dissociative Disorders have dissociative boundaries associated with the states, and those boundaries are highly responsible for how states act and react. The boundaries associated with the distinct states in dissociative identity disorder are highly complex including the chemical, neurological and the physical makeup of them. They contain, replicate, and isolate most things including memory. They are unyielding in their phobia of each other until a great deal of therapeutic work has been done. This also occurs, but to a lesser extent in other disorders than result from Structural Dissociation. Overtime many individuals with Dissociative Disorders process their trauma memories and break down the dissociative boundaries, and increase communication between states. This is called the integration process. When all states can freely communicate with each other then the term unification is more appropriate. This process of integration is what all the Dissociative Disorders have in common.

See the categories on Structural Dissociation, dissociative identity disorder, other specified dissociative disorder and the DSM for referenced and more detailed information.

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• Acute stress disorder (ASD)
• Amnesia, dissociative amnesia, true amnesia
• Adjustment disorder and styles
• Alternate identity, alterAltered states of consciousnessExchangeable terms include parts, dissociative parts, personality states, self-states, states, identities, selves, or ego states. Alters are present only in those with dissociative identity disorder or similar presentations of other specified dissociative disorder, where the parts of the personality are highly dissociated and isolated. No alter, including the host alter, is a complete personality, even though an alter might feel as if they are. {{Rp|55-67}}Alters are psychodynamically interacting parts, each with their own separate centers of subjectivity, identity, autonomy, and sense of personal history. {{Rp|55}}An individual with dissociative identity disorder may have few or many |alters, which include a variety of ages, cross gender, animal or objects, with coconsciousness (see coconsciousness) at varying degrees, and [[communication]] can be limited to one direction. (one way amnesia) {{Rp|301}}, host, state, distinct state, less than distinct state
• Disinhibited social engagement disorder
• Dissociation
• Dissociative Disorders
• Dissociative symptoms
• History of complex Dissociative Disorders
• Inner world of the dissociative mind
• Integration, unification, coconsciousness
• Memory, including trauma memory
• Other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD now, was DDNOS in the DSM-IV)
• Personality, sense of self
• PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder
• Structural Dissociation of the Personality
• Terminology
• Trauma which is psychological

Therapy related

• Adult Abuse, child abuse
• Betrayal trauma theory
• Denial of mental disorders, society denial
• Eating disorders related to Trauma-Stressor and Dissociative Disorders
• Eye movement desensitization and processing (EMDRA valid psychotherapeutic approach, especially for treating trauma. )
• Grounding techniques
• Somatoform Disorders (was Conversion Disorder in the DSM-IV)
• Comorbid, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder (BPD)
• Diagnosis of mental disorders, DSM, ICD
• International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation ISSTD
• Ritual abuse and mind controlMind control programming only exists is specific to other specified dissociative disorder. It is not seen in dissociative identity disorder except under rare cases. Programming is the act of installing internal, pre-established reactions to external stimuli so that a person will automatically react in a predetermined manner to things like an auditory, visual or tactile signal or perform a specific set of action according to a date and/or time. This is achieved through using extreme, usually life-threatening trauma such as torture to create disassociated identities during childhood. {{Rp|viii, 19}} These states are created to be programmed so that the person with otherwise specified dissociative disorder engage in activities chosen by the abusive group (for example, a cult) without any conscious awareness of it and without a conscious choice on behalf of a state, for example activities like sex slavery, murder or spying. {{See also| Ritual_abuse}} This is not possible to do with people with dissociative identity disorder, and thus is the reason for cults creating members with otherwise specified dissociative disorder.
• Seizure-like movements not epilepsy or epilepsy-like
• Self harm
• Therapist and other mental health professionals

Media

• Books: trauma and dissociation
• Videos: trauma and dissociationDissociation is a compartmentalization of experience, where elements of a trauma are not integrated into a unified sense of the self. {{Rp|4-810, 127}}The lay persons idea of [[dissociation]], that which exists in the normal mind, is not what is referred to in this document. {{Rp|233-234}}

Categories

• Category:Healing
• Related diagnoses: BPD, bipolar, schizophrenia
• Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

DSM-5 Category: Dissociative Disorders

The DSM-5, was released May, 2013 and the DSM-5 committees have settled on the following categories:

• Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
• Dissociative amnesia (DA), with or without dissociative fugue (DF)
• Depersonalization/derealization disorder
• Other specified dissociative disorder (OSDD)
• Unspecified dissociative disorder (UDD)

DSM-5 Category: Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

Child abuse"interactions in which one person behaves in a violent, demeaning or invasive manner towards another person (e.g. child or partner)" and the Trauma and DissociationDissociation is a compartmentalization of experience, where elements of a trauma are not integrated into a unified sense of the self. {{Rp|4-810, 127}}The lay persons idea of [[dissociation]], that which exists in the normal mind, is not what is referred to in this document. {{Rp|233-234}} Project

Child abusers can go to great length to hide emotional, physical and sexual abuse which they enact upon the young and innocent, which along with the mental disorders the victims endure cause them to question their own history, but the fact remains that child abuse is common, and is a hidden epidemic. In addition, abused individuals suffer shame, and often blame themselves for the acts perpetuated upon them.

This page is an introduction, see the following pages for more information: Structural Dissociation, other specified dissociative disorder, and dissociative identity disorder.

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