Suicide

What is Suicide?

Suicide is a "fatal act that represents the person's wish to die", and causes approximately 50% more deaths than homicide each year in the United States. Suicide is not the same as self-injury because self-injurySelf-injury (direct self-harm) with non-suicidal intent. lacks suicide intent. However, many people who attempt suicide have also self-injured.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Trauma and Suicide

Suicide in PTSD is usually related to feelings of guilt, difficult relationships with the parents, anger, and impulsivity (Hendin and Hass, 1991; Hoyer et al., 1990; Kotlet et al., 2001)."

Accidents and sexual violence are the types of trauma most closely linked to recurrent suicidal thoughts and attempts. PTSD is believed to more strongly predict suicide attempts in developing countries than in developed countries.

Dissociative Identity DisorderPrior to the DSM-IV, dissociative identity disorder was known as multiple personality disorder in the DSM manual from 1980-1994. The International Classification of Diseases,(ICD) still uses this label, even though the ICD-11 is expected to change it. The term is misleading and well known that no one can have more than one personality, nor is the disorder a personality disorder. {{See also| Multiple Personality Disorder}} and Suicide

Repeated suicide attempts are very common in people with Dissociative Identity Disorder and Other Specified Dissociative Disorder, with all studies on Dissociative Identity Disorder reporting very high rates of attempted suicide. These reduce significantly during treatment.

Depression and Suicide

The World Mental Health Survey found Depression was the strongest predictor of suicidal thoughts (suicidal ideation) and a history of Major Depressive Disorder led to a higher number of suicides than any other psychiatric disorder. Although the majority of people who commit suicide have a psychiatric condition, the study found that Major Depressive Disorder accounted for only 23.5% of suicides world-wide.

Other Risk Factors

These include hopelessness, chronic physical illness, chaotic or conflicted family background and/or interpersonal relationships, psychosis"Mental disorder in which thoughts, affective response, ability to recognize reality, and the ability to communicate and relate to others are sufficiently impaired to interfere grossly with the capacity to deal with reality." Impaired reality testing, hallucinations, delusions, and illusions are classic characteristics. {{Rp|24}}"Mental disorder in which thoughts, affective response, ability to recognize reality, and the ability to communicate and relate to others are sufficiently impaired to interfere grossly with the capacity to deal with reality." Impaired reality testing, hallucinations, delusions, and illusions are classic characteristics. {{Rp|24}}, substance use disorder or excessive substance useHarmful Use is a pattern of psychoactive substance use that results in damage to physical or mental health, e.g. hepatitis following injecting drugs or depression which is secondary to heavy alcohol intake. Adverse social consequences normally also occur. Previously known as "non-dependent use" in the ICD manual, referred to as "substance use" in the DSM manual. {{Rp|41}}, multiple prior attempts, self-blame and severe personality disorder.

External Resources

• Suicide: Read this first http://www.metanoia.org/suicide/spagebw.htm
• National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
• Suicide Hotlines (international)

See also: Treating PTSD

See also: Treatment

See also: PTSD

See also: Dissociative Identity Disorder

See also: Other Specified Dissociative Disorder

See also: Depression